PRS Coursework 1 - 1224 Words

ROBERT GORDON UNIVERSITY MSc. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BSM 160: PERSONAL AND RESEARCH SKILLS (FULL TIME) MOIRA BAILEY 1415792 CINDY OMARI WORD COUNT: 1,051 This reflective paper aims at analyzing my learning experience in the Personal and Research Skills module and how these experiences are likely to help both my post graduate study at The Robert Gordon University and my future career. During my post graduate studies at The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Personal and Research Skills was one of the four modules I took in the first semester. This module invoked a mixed feeling of anxiety and eagerness to learn more about effective learning skills, critical thinking and problem solving. I had many thoughts going†¦show more content†¦When students reflect upon their learning, they engage in a potentially transformative act of responding to, connecting with, and analyzing an experience, event, process, or product. Reflection is thus one way to bridge the separate thought and action: an opportunity for students to describe their internal processes, evaluate their challenges, and recognize their triumphs in ways that would otherwise remain unarticulated (Allan Driscoll 2014). Being a reflective learner would therefore help me be more proactive in applying my existing knowledge to create new ideas and improve my understanding of course material. Reflective l earning would also have a positive impact on my future career since I would be able to develop my learning and thinking abilities by building on the critical evaluation of my past learning experiences and applying them to my work. I believe this would make me self-aware and give me the ability to identify and address my strengths and weaknesses. I therefore agree with the argument by (Moon, 2002) that reflection improves the depth and relevance of individual learning (Moon, 2000 cited by Trehan, 2008). If I had no knowledge of effective learning skills, I would have been stressed out whenever I come across an academic, social or professional challenge which would have had a negative impact on my performance in the long run. According to (Horn 2009 p.60), one ofShow MoreRelatedEmployee Relations1886 Words   |  8 Pages| Assignment No | 1. | Assignment Title | Understand the context of employee relations against a changing background | Assignment Brief | In this assignment students will distinguish between unitary and pluralistic perspectives with reference to employee relations, know the changes that have affected trade unionism in the last two decades and be able to explain the role of the main players in employee relations. | Assignment Task / Description: Question 1 (L01, Assessment CriteriaRead MoreProduct Development Plan for Iphone2346 Words   |  10 PagesCoursework Header Sheet201473-25     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   | | Course | BUSI1380: Dev Quality Product amp; Services | Course School/Level | EN/UG | Coursework | A1 Assignment Development Proposal | Assessment Weight | 50.00% | Tutor | PJ Reid | Submission Deadline | 16/01/2013 | Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the student s own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properlyRead MoreStudy Guide for Mg20484258 Words   |  18 PagesMG2048 Study Guide [pic] Introduction You should read this study guide carefully and also ensure that all the links have been followed to other accompanying documents that include, for example, information on coursework submission. Information in this study guide is maintained by Dr. Maged Ali (maged.ali@brunel.ac.uk), Office EG306. Policy statements The Business School Student Handbook can be found on the Business School Blackboard Learn site (Academic Programme Office - APO).Read MoreEssay on UNIT BA490 COURSEWORK manage physical resource1477 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Sibusisiwe N Mapeto Coursework NVQ level 5: BA490 Date: April 2015 Manage physical resource Outcome 1 Explain the importance of using sustainable resources: Sustainability means more than merely lasting or surviving; it means designing and delivering health care that uses resources in ways that don’t prejudice future health and wellbeing.The importance of using sustainable resources is to protect our natural resources. Using sustainable resources and materials is good for the environment and itRead MoreInsight Into Liberal Arts Education in Business Schools: a Literature Review5279 Words   |  22 Pagesthe fact that a liberal arts education provides useful job related skills (Fogarty, 2010). Fogarty suggests that a practical integration of the liberal arts field rests in the proper implementation of business related skills into the context of coursework while spinning the education under a liberal arts context (2010). A strong focus on liberal art integration into the business education is found in research done using the study of accounting. Due to its high level of skill-based knowledge andRead MoreMarketing Plan for Fitness Center3144 Words   |  13 PagesSummary 1.0 Executive Summary Corporate Fitness will serve Seattle-area businesses, helping them to become more productive, while lowering their overall costs with innovative wellness programs and strategies. Our business is based on two simple facts: 1. Healthy employees are more productive than chronically ill employees. 2. It costs less to prevent injuries or illnesses than to treat them after they occur. At Corporate Fitness (CF), we tie worker productivity directly to the health care issue. WeRead MoreMarketing Management of Apple Brand Extension6357 Words   |  26 PagesLSBF Marketing management Course work Marketing management Page | 1 LSBF Marketing management Executive summary This course work was undertaken as part of the assessment in Marketing Management module. It focuses on new product line extension in the example of Apple Inc.’s recent product iPad and comes up with a marketing plan for the extension to it. New product extension is in the form of utilizing iPad as an external monitor and in the future as a control device overRead MorePest Analysis (Air Asia)1774 Words   |  8 Pagesand trends are important for an organization such as AirAsia to promote their services. A fact that AirAsia is not just a profit making company but a good branding and innovative company was proven when AirAsia launched a campaign in November 2009 â€Å"1 Million Free Seats† and has promptly set a new world record with the number of seats that were grabbed within 24hours 402,222 seats. The response demonstrates the power of branding, and the attraction of AirAsia as a value airline. Technology Analysis Read MoreNikon Camera Marketing3098 Words   |  13 Pages| Marketing Coursework | Report on Digital Camera for Nikon Corporation | | Tung Nguyen | 2/7/2012 | Part 1 of the report is the research which is aiming to identify the current product, new trends in the digital camera market. After examining the market, in part 2, a marketing plan is introduced for Nikon Corporation, including new product’s position, segmentation criteria, targeting strategy, distribution and promotion. | List of contains Part 1 - Market Research Page IntroductionRead MoreMKT 571 Week 3 Learning Team Deliverables Team A1833 Words   |  8 PagesUsers of the iPhone range from business users to media fanatics, all using the phone in many different ways. Apple targets certain groups and seems okay with not trying to dominate the cell phone industry. What is surprising is that Apple only holds 1/7th of the cell phone market today (Edwards, 2015). With that said, Apple has become the financial leader compared to Microsoft and Google in terms of net worth. SWOT Analysis Strengths Excellent product Growing sales Continuous improvement Weaknesses

CSR of Apple Free Essays

Apple is making genuine strides in the direction of environmental friendliness by designing for energy efficiency, reducing packaging, and using recycling materials. Its websites also releases an extensively breakdown of company’s annual corporate carbon emissions. Apple says it emits 10. We will write a custom essay sample on CSR of Apple or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 million tons of carbon emissions annually. Meanwhile, HP says it releases 8. 4 million tons annually and it was just named the best SP companies for the planet by Newsweek. Dell came in second and emits just 471,000 tons annually. Both of those companies only assess what happens during the production process. By contrast, Apple includes what happens once the product is being produced. The biggest source of emissions comes from customers using its product at home. The next biggest source of emissions comes from manufacturing which accounts for 45% of company’s emissions. However, using less material may bring some problems to Apple. Some customers complain that Apple’s products are more fragile than its predecessors. Therefore, the balance between durable product and reducing materials is very important for its product design. Apple publishes a supplier code of conduct and launches supplier audits to ensure that the code of conduct is being followed. More importantly, Apple does not hide bad conducts of its suppliers and releases it to public. In its latest Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report, Apple outlines its specific findings of its own supplier audits. In 2010, its audit of 127 facilities revealed 37 core violations; 18 facilities where workers had paid excessive recruitment fees, which it considers to be involuntary labor; 10 facilities where underage workers had been hired; two instances of workers endangerment; 4 facilities where records were falsified; 1 case of bribery; and 1 case of coaching workers on how to answer auditors’ questions. The transparency of Apple’s report reveals Apple’s concern for its suppliers’ actions. Even if Apple has outsourced its supply chain, it still has a corporate social responsibility to ensure socially and environmentally sound business practices of its subcontractors. Apple may be praised for its openness. However, some customers think Apple is merely trying to get ahead of the ever-pervasive media by releasing this information themselves. The enforceability of supplier code is much more important than making this information available to public. If Apple is determined to enforce its code f suppliers, its business may be disrupted by termination of contracts with suppliers because of its outsourcing of supply chain. Therefore, a back-up plan is needed to prevent disruption of business. Termination with suppliers may contribute to loss of reputation and increasing transaction costs with alternative suppliers. So another issue Apple needs to consider beforehand is supplier selection which is an important part of supplier management. Therefore, Apple should set up more eff icient and relevant performance measures of suppliers and continuously evaluate these measures. How to cite CSR of Apple, Papers

Detecting Diabetes Complications in Children

Question: Identify a research or evidence-based article that focuses comprehensively on a specific intervention or new diagnostic tool for the treatment of diabetes in adults or children? Answer: Introduction: Diabetes can be defined as metabolic disorder that increases the blood glucose or blood sugar level of a person either by decreasing the production of insulin or by making the cells less responsive to the hormone (Bertalan Gregory, 2011). With the advancement of time more and more adolescent and children are diagnosed with the metabolic disorder. Most of the children and adolescents who are detected having diabetes have the type-1 diabetes. In the United State, every year around 13,000 children are known to be diagnosed with type 1-diabetes (Kidshealth.org, 2015). But now, children and younger people are also diagnosed with type-2 diabetes. The risk of being detected with type-2 diabetes increases in children with obesity. Haemoglobin A1c (A1C) has been recommended by the American Diabetes Association to be used as a tool for diagnosing diabetes and to detect the subjects who are at risk of getting the disease in future. The recommendation was granted on the basis of studies carried out on adults. However its application to the children and adolescent are lacking. So, in this article, the authors have studied the implication of A1C diagnostic tool on the obese paediatric population. Research design and methodology: The samples for the study was chosen based on the following inclusion criteria- The subjects must be obese. The subjects were not under medications that alter the blood glucose level. They are not known to have type-1 or type-2 diabetes. Around 1156 children and adolescents with obesity were chosen following the inclusion criteria. Among them 40% were male and 60% were female. At first, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to detect the status of glucose tolerance of the population, which would be the indication of the pre-diabetic condition. In order to determine the plasma glucose level YSI 2700 Stat Analyser was used. Radioimmunoassay was performed to detect the fasting plasma insulin and an Auto-Analyser was used to measure the lipid level. On the same day of performing OGTT, A1C levels were also measured using an assay which was based on the latex immune-agglutination inhibition methodology. In order to establish a relationship between A1C and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis the cell function and insulin sensitivity was checked based on the following index- The Insulinogenic Index The whole body insulin sensitivity index The disposition index. Repetition of the tests was performed after a period of 2 years with 218 samples. Results: Depending on the observations, the samples were classified based on the A1C category- Samples with normal glucose tolerance- 77% (A1C 5.7%) At risk of diabetes- 21% (A1C: 5.7- 6.4%) Sample with diabetes- 1% (A1C 6.5%) In case of diabetes category- Pre-diabetes- 47% Type 2 diabetes- 62% The threshold that was selected in order to identify type 2 diabetes was A1C 5.8% with a sensitivity of 67.7% and specificity of 87.64%. Discussion: From the results, the authors have found that A1C of 6.5% use would not clearly detect the presence of type-2 diabetes or pre diabetes. According to the authors, the A1C could be applied in order to detect type-2 diabetes along with 2-h glucose and fasting as a clinical tool but it cannot be recommended to detect pre-diabetes in case of children and adolescents. Other studies carried out in adults had shown that A1C could be used in making predictions regarding type-2 diabetes even in persons without the disease (Kleber, 2010). But concerns have been raised regarding the applicability of A1C for detecting type-2 diabetes in pregnant women and aged persons (Tuomilehto, 2011). Again the use of A1C is associated with the risk of over diagnosis in patients with anaemia and with rapid glycosylation (Yang, 2010). Overall, the authors have concluded that an A1C of 6.5% as suggested by the American Diabetes Association underestimates the issue in case of the diabetes and pre-diabetes children and adolescents with obesity. However the low specificity and sensitivity indicate that A1C is a poor diagnostic tool regarding the diagnosis of pre- diabetes and diabetes in adolescents and children with obesity. Conclusion: With the increasing rate of diabetes in children and adolescents proper diagnostics tools are needed in order to detect the disorder in the children as well as to detect the children who are at risk of developing the metabolic disorder. Again proper evaluation of the tools regarding their applicability is also very important. So, in this context, the study carried out by the authors is very relevant. References: Bertalan, R., Gregory, J. (2011). Detecting diabetes complications in children.Practical Diabetes,28(8), 352-357a. doi:10.1002/pdi.1634 Kidshealth.org,. (2015).Type 1 Diabetes: What Is It?. Retrieved 21 May 2015, from https://kidshealth.org/parent/diabetes_center/diabetes_basics/type1.html Kleber, M. (2010). Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance in obese children and adolescents.WJD,1(4), 129. doi:10.4239/wjd.v1.i4.129 Nowicka, P., Santoro, N., Liu, H., Lartaud, D., Shaw, M., Goldberg, R. et al. (2011). Utility of Hemoglobin A1c for Diagnosing Prediabetes and Diabetes in Obese Children and Adolescents.Diabetes Care,34(6), 1306-1311. doi:10.2337/dc10-1984 Tuomilehto, J. (2011). A1C as the method for diagnosing diabetes how wise is the choice?.Primary Care Diabetes,5(3), 149-150. doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2011.07.005 Yang, W. (2010). Diagnosing diabetes using glycated haemoglobin A1c.BMJ,340(may17 2), c2262-c2262. doi:10.1136/bmj.c2262

Teacher Interview free essay sample

What degrees do you have and why did you choose to teach? Mrs. Henry received her bachelor’s degree from Hampton University in 1986. Under the supervision of her old high school she was able to assist the elementary, preferably kindergarten through the six grades. That was where her journey began even though her math teacher wanted her to pursue a career in engineering . However, with the asking love that she had for her young students was overwhelming she could not turn from her goal of becoming a teacher. What motivates you to keep teaching? What motivates Mr. Henry to keep teaching is the need for dedicated teachers to fill the void of educating the future generation with the gratification that she received through her accomplishments and positive repertoire with students and their parents. Teaching them the value of self-worth that promotes the love of learning and receiving higher levels of education. We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher Interview or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She also said that these young people are not only her students, but also an iatrical part of her school family. Over the years they gathered for several reunions in which she was introduced to their families. What has been your worst teaching moment? One of her worst teaching moments came recently in her 28th years of teaching. When a student disrespected her by an outburst of profanity. She disregarded class rules, respect for herself and peers. She rant and raved about her pleas to turn in all completed assignments despite her blatant disrespect toward Mrs. Henry. Although, she disrespected Mrs. Henry on numerous occasions she still treated her with dignity and respect. This was done to show her that the’re other ways of expressing one’s anger. She was then promoted to the middle school and to Mrs. Henry surprised she returned to her class with an enthusiastic hug and apology. She told her that she spent the summer thinking about what she had done, and mostly about how Mr. Henry treated her with love and respect. What has been your best teaching moment? Mrs. Henry best teaching moment is that â€Å"oh ho† moment when the student finally understands a skill being taught. This was received with excitement on their face exclaiming that Mrs. Henry makes teaching fun. What do you wish you had known before you started teaching? Ms. Henry wishes she had known she didn’t need all of those theory classes in college. What would you say your biggest challenges were as a first-year teacher? The biggest challenge Mrs. Henry had as a first year teacher was establishing class rules and assuring herself to the students, because she came in after the school year had begun. And, her first day on the job as a government shut down where all employees were on strike. This was a major struggle for Mrs. Henry because she found it very difficult building relationships with her employees that considered her to be a ( Scap) meaning not showing the commitment of striking. However throughout the years they became best of friends. If you had one piece of advice for an entry year teacher, what would it be? One piece of advice she would give to a first year teacher would be, that the teaching profession enables love to positively change and mold lives. Lifelong relationships can foster through and embrace each child to become successful members of our modern society. And, it’s definitely not a get rich profession . If you had it to do all over again, what would you change? If she could do it all over again she would like to change the minds of high level officials, community members, and anyone who takes advantage of our youths,by not providing them with the necessary materials, technological equipment, and proper facilities.

All the Transition Words Youll Ever Need for Academic Writing

All the Transition Words Youll Ever Need for Academic Writing In academic writing, transitions are the glue that holds your ideas together. Without them, your writing would be illogical and lack flow, making it difficult for your audience to understand or replicate your research.In this article, we will discuss the types of transitions based on their purpose. Familiarizing yourself with these most-used and best transition terms for academic writing will help bring clarity to your essays and make the writing process much easier on you.Like the links on a chain, transition words hold an academic paper together and make ideas flow logically. Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash.Types of transitionsThere are four types of transitions: Causal, Sequential, Adversative and Additive. Below, weve listed the most commonly used transitions in each of these categories, as well as examples of how they might be used to begin a paragraph or sentence.CausalWhen you use causal transitions, you are letting your reader know that there is a cause-and-effect relation ship between ideas or paragraphs or consequences.Accordingly (Accordingly, the author states†¦)All else being equal (All else being equal, these ideas correlate†¦)As a consequence (As a consequence, all data were aggregated†¦)As a result (of this) (As a result of this finding, scholars now agree†¦)Because (of the fact that) (Because of the fact that these numbers show signs of declining,†¦)Because (of this) (Because of this, scholars determined†¦)Consequently (Consequently, the research was stalled†¦)Due to (the fact that) (Due to the fact that all prior studies showed similar results,†¦)For the purpose(s) of (For the purposes of our argument, we will†¦)For this reason (For this reason, the researchers†¦)Granted (that) (Granted that the numbers were significantly higher, the study†¦)Granting (that) (Granting that the data was collected incorrectly, the researchers felt†¦)If†¦then (If this data is significant, then it i s obvious that†¦)If so (If so, the data is not useable†¦)In the event (In the event that it is not significant, we should consider that†¦)Inasmuch as (Insomuch as the authors attempt to refute these findings, research suggests that†¦)In the hope that (In the hope that new data will encourage more in-depth research, the author found that†¦.)In that case (In that case, weve found that†¦)Only if (Only if data is insubstantial should findings be ignored, thus†¦)Otherwise (Otherwise, the research would continue†¦)Owing to (the fact) (Owing to the fact that the gathered data is incorrect, †¦)Provided (that) (Provided that the same results occur, we can assume that†¦)Since (Since it would seem futile to continue to study this topic, we posit that†¦)So as to (So as to clarify past remarks, we initiated further research†¦)So long as (So long as there is established credibility, this journal seeks†¦.)So much (so) that (The data is manipulated so much so that it cant be used to clarify†¦)Therefore (Therefore, this result compromises the exploration into†¦)That being the case (That being the case, we should look into alternatives†¦)Thus (Thus, it would see that further research†¦)Unless (Unless this calls to question the original hypothesis, the exploration of this topic would be†¦)With (this fact) in mind (With this fact in mind, lets consider another alternative†¦)Under those circumstances (Under those circumstances, fewer participants†¦)SequentialSequential transitions show a numerical sequence or the continuation of a thought or action. They are used to establish an order to your main points in an academic essay, and help create a logical outline for your writing.(Once) again (Once again, this is not a reason for lack of rigor†¦)After (this) (After this, it would seem most prudent to†¦)Afterwards (Afterwards, it seemed a moot point to determine†¦)Altogeth er (Altogether, these data suggest that†¦)Anyway (Anyway, such loss would prove to be damaging..)As (was) mentioned earlier/above (As was mentioned above, the lack of attention given to†¦)As (was) stated before (As was stated before, there is little evidence show†¦)As a final point (As a final point, consider the connection between†¦)At any rate (At any rate, loss of significance was vital to†¦)By the way (By the way, one cant assume that†¦)Coincidentally (Coincidentally, this affected the nature of†¦)Consequently (Consequently, Smith found that†¦)Eventually (Eventually, more was needed to sustain†¦)Finally (Finally, we now know that†¦First (First, it seems that even with the additional data†¦)First of all (First of all, none of the respondents felt that†¦)Given these points (Given these points, its easy to see that†¦)Hence (Hence, we see that the above details†¦)In conclusion (In conclusion, since the data shows significant growth...)In summary (In summary, there are not enough studies to show the correlation†¦)In the (first/second/third) place (In the first place, we found that†¦)Incidentally (Incidentally, no findings showed a positive outlook†¦)Initially (Initially, we noticed that the authors†¦.)Last (Last, the most significant growth appeared to happen when†¦)Next (Next, its important to note that†¦)Overall (Overall, we found that†¦.)Previously (Previously, it was shown that†¦)Returning to the subject (Returning to the subject, careful observation of trends†¦)Second (Second, it was impossible to know the†¦)Secondly (Secondly, in looking at variable related to†¦)Subsequently (Subsequently, we found that†¦)Summarizing (this) (Summarizing this, the authors noted that†¦)Therefore (Therefore, the connection is unknown between†¦)Third (Third, when data were collected†¦)Thirdly (Thirdly, we noticed that†¦)Thus (Th us, there was no evidence that†¦)To conclude (To conclude, the findings suggest that†¦)To repeat (To repeat, no studies found evidence that†¦)To resume (To resume the conversation, we began discussing†¦)To start with (To start with, there is no evidence that†¦)To sum up (To sum up, significant correlation was found†¦)Ultimately (Ultimately, no studies found evidence of†¦)Adversative TransitionsAdversative transitions show contrast, counter arguments or an alternative suggestion.Above all (Above all, we found that†¦Admittedly (Admittedly, the findings suggest that†¦)All the same (All the same, without knowing which direction the study would take†¦)Although (Although much is to be learned from†¦)At any rate (At any rate, we concluded that...)At least (At least, with these results, we can†¦)Be that as it may (Be that as it may, there was no significant correlation between†¦)Besides (Besides, it is obvious that†¦)But (But, the causal relationship between†¦)By way of contrast (By the way of contrast, we note that†¦)Conversely (Conversely, there was no correlation between†¦)Despite (this) (Despite this, the findings are clear in that†¦)Either way (Either way, studies fail to approach the topic from†¦)Even more (Even more, we can conclude that†¦)Even so (Even so, there is a lack of evidence showing†¦)Even though (Even though the participants were unaware of which †¦.)However (However, it becomes clear that†¦)In any case (In any case, there were enough reponses†¦)In any event (In any event, we noted that†¦)In contrast (In contrast, the new data suggests that†¦)In fact (In fact, there is a loss of†¦)In spite of (this) (In spite of this, we note that†¦)Indeed (Indeed, it becomes clear that†¦)Instead (of) (Instead of publishing our findings early, we chose to)More/Most importantly (More importantly, there have not been any†¦)Nevertheless (Nevertheless, it becomes clear that†¦)Nonetheless (Nonetheless, we failed to note how†¦)Notwithstanding (this) (Notwithstanding this, there was little evidence†¦)On the contrary (On the contrary, no active users were†¦)On the other hand (On the other hand, we cannot avoid†¦)Primarily (Primarily, it becomes significant as†¦)Rather (Rather, none of this is relevant†¦)Regardless (of) (Regardless of previous results, the authors†¦)Significantly (Significantly, there was little correlation between†¦)Still (Still, nothing was noted in the diary†¦)Whereas (Whereas little evidence has been given to†¦)While (While causality is lacking†¦)Yet (Yet, it becomes clear that†¦)Additive TransitionsYoull use an additive transition to relate when new information is being added or highlighted to something that was just mentioned.Additionally (Additionally, it can be noted that†¦)Also (Also, there was no evidence thatà ¢â‚¬ ¦.)As a matter of fact (As a matter of fact, the evidence fails to show†¦)As for (this) (As for this, we can posit that†¦)By the same token (By the same token, no studies have concluded†¦)Concerning (this) (Concerning this, there is little evidence to†¦)Considering (this) (Considering this, we must then return to†¦)Equally (Equally, there was no correlation†¦)Especially (Especially, the study reveals that†¦)For example (For example, a loss of ones†¦.)For instance (For instance, there was little evidence showing†¦)Furthermore (Furthermore, a lack of knowledge on†¦)In a similar way (In a similar way, new findings show that†¦)In addition to (In addition to this new evidence, we note that†¦)In fact (In fact, none of the prior studies showed†¦)In other words (In other words, there was a lack of†¦)In particular (In particular, no relationship was revealed†¦)In the same way (In the same way, new studies suggest that†¦)Likewise (Likewise, we noted that†¦)Looking at (this information) (Looking at this information, its clear to see how†¦)Moreover (Moreover, the loss of reputation of†¦)Namely (Namely, the authors noted that†¦)Not only†¦but also (Not only did the study reveal new findings, but also it demonstrated how†¦.)Notably (Notably, no other studies have been done†¦)On the subject of (this) (On the subject of awareness, participants agreed that†¦.)One example (of this is) (One example of this is how the new data†¦)Particularly (Particularly, there is little evidence showing†¦)Regarding (this) (Regarding this, there were concerns that†¦)Similarly (Similarly, we note that†¦)Specifically (Specifically, there were responses that†¦)That is (That is, little attention is given to†¦)The fact that (The fact that the participants felt misinformed†¦)This means (that) (This means that conclusive findings are†¦)To il lustrate (To illustrate, one participant wrote that†¦.)To put it another way (To put it another way, there is little reason to†¦)What this means is (What this means is the authors failed to†¦)With regards to (this) (With regards to this, we cannot assume that†¦)Making the choiceWhen deciding which transition would best fit in each instance, keep in mind a few of these tips:Avoid using the same transition too much, as it could make your writing repetitive.Check at the beginning of each paragraph to ensure that a) youve included a transition, if one was needed, and b) its the correct transition to accurately relate the type of logical connection youre forming between ideas.Be sure that if you are using sequential transitions, they match. For example, if you use first to highlight your first point, second should come next, then third, etc. You wouldnt want to use first, followed by secondly.

Admission Essay

I would like to get an admission in a dental school so that I can pursue a career that has always been my dream. I must say that I have had a vast experience and exposure on this profession dating back to my old days as a dental student in India. During that time, I worked in various government hospitals for a year. This enabled me get sufficient exposure on some of the dental ailments like tooth fractures, gingivitis and temporo mandibular disorders and how to treat them. Consequently I was exposed to the principles and ethics of dentistry that includes confidentiality, competence, being compassionate and portraying a high level of professionalism. These factors make me suitable for the career. In addition, I have worked with a re-knowned dentist, Dr. Swalan thus gaining more knowledge about dental surgery. I have worked with various people and I well understand the dentist-patient relationship and how this can be enhanced. It is important to note that am very conversant with the American Dental Association code of ethics that outlines the dos and don’ts of the profession. I have learnt quite a lot of things to date as for as dental surgery is concerned. I not only know about administering oral care, but also reconstructive and cosmetic services. I have also learnt that patience pays because many are times when dental patients endure pain for so long only for a Doctor to clear it in seconds. I was motivated into joining dentistry by my brother who was himself a dental student. His encouragement together with the invaluable support of Dr. Salwan made me develop a lot of interest in the profession. In my early childhood, I used to frequent dental clinics. This earlier exposure of this environment and the kind approach with which doctors exercised their duty thrilled me into making it a career dream. I was also made to understand that dentistry is an absolutely good income job that would enable me make ends meet in my life. In my present job as a dental assistant, I handle quite a number of tasks. These range from preparing the patients on behalf of the doctor to taking of X-rays for the patients. In addition, I clean patient’s teeth, receive payments and make bills. My goal is to learn more about dentistry and to become a professional dentist that one can reckon with. I do not want a case whereby am only referring patients to other doctors as a result of incompetence. I would rather look forward into learning all dental aliments and their treatment procedures/processes. As I sit besides the Doctor while administering treatment, I aspire to induce as many students as possible into joining this profession. I also dream of becoming a professional Dental surgeon myself, offering consultation services to other medics. If my admission is guaranteed I would be contented as my other goal of pursuing a practical job of which I am good at, shall have been accomplished. References Please use the references I had given you earlier.

Beyond Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Beyond Budgeting - Essay Example To complete such development, a change of accounting system must also be considered, most of which is to get rid of budget or ‘managing with numbers’ and set goals for a longer period of time. Traditional budgeting is no longer valid in the emerging information age that is why hospitality industry needs to move ‘beyond budgeting.’ This is an alternative management model that promotes flexibility, devolution, and value maximization. This suggestion is supported by empirical investigation of hospitality budgeting mostly in the United Kingdom and United States. It is believed that Beyond Budgeting fits the progressive N-form organizational structure wherein full potential of the organization and the people are being liberated. Beyond Budgeting in International Hospitality Industry Introduction Nowadays, most organizations are facing considerable barriers in managing their performance capabilities particularly in the areas of budgeting. Hospitality industry is o ne of those industries that desperately need to experience a new management structure and performance budgeting system in the emerging information age. Traditional budgeting model is said to be universally disliked because the concept is expensive, it takes too long to respond, and a minimized value. Shareholders as well as customers are pressuring the industry to consider an alternative management model that is designed to eliminate conflicts in the organization as well as the reduction of costs and bureaucracy. Aside from being cost effective and strategic, the new management model must also coincide with the business goals of the twenty-first century. This vision is a great challenge to every organization because it requires â€Å"a new set of management process and new style of leadership...a new coherence among these management process and leadership principles to liberate full potential of the organization and its people† (Hope & Fraser, 2003, p.17). Beyond Budgeting is the model that has a capacity to manage performance and at the same time control the organization without budgets. However, the success of this concept is still doubtful to many organizations considering that how can there be management if there is â€Å"no budgets, no absolute targets, and no fixed plans† (Daum, 2002, p.1). The purpose of this paper is to discover the fresh approaches of information age such as Beyond Budgeting and new management structure. This paper has three sections that include: the overview of opportunities in Beyond Budgeting principles; the examination of current literature and critical evaluation of the topic; and the key recommendations applicable for international hospitality industry. Overview of Beyond Budgeting and Organizational Structure â€Å"The two fundamental elements of Beyond Budgeting model are new leadership principles based on the principle of empowerment of managers and employees, and new more adaptive management process† (D aum, 2002, p.2). According to the Beyond Budgeting Round Table (BBRT) of the Consortium for Advanced Manufacturing International (CAM-I), this empowerment which is also known as devolution is a process that will enable the organization to discover the full potentials of its people. The existence of Beyond Budgeting is due to the growing dissatisfaction delivered by the traditional general management approach of budgeting. Most of the tools and techniques that organizations used nowadays were no longer applicable to the issues of information

Personal Investment, Finance and Portfolio Management Essay

Personal Investment, Finance and Portfolio Management - Essay Example of the propository issue might be regarded as a complex study, I would like to initially address the motive of individual investors regarding investment in the UK. We, as individuals always decipher a motive for earning huge finance within a short period of time. Even as we refer to the cultural analysis of the UK, it can be evidently observed that the societal structure is more inclined towards short-term orientation (The Hofstede Centre, n.d.). Therefore, it can be stated that UK individuals decide upon their investments with focus on yielding greater returns in the short term period which often possesses high risk factors. Undoubtedly, this particular tendency of the UK investors influences the personal investment market to be significantly volatile with limited scope of anticipation in relation to the returns obtainable from the investments made owing to the prevalence of high risks thus making it a matter of ‘good fortune’ (King, 2013). Equities, funds, bonds, preferential shares and similar other high return investment options have been thus listed among few of the mostly preferred investment tools in the UK (Evans, 2010). A ccordingly, it shall be quite pious to state that individual investors in the UK personal investment market always tend to be inclined towards either assumptions or scientific judgements regarding their investment patterns. It is in this context that the investment patters observed within the UK personal investment market tends to be strongly influenced by two prominent factors. One of these factors can be identified in terms of the investors behavioural traits or their risk taking attitude while the other influencing element signifies the role of economic conditions which ultimately determines the returns to be expected from the personal investments made (Collard, 2009; Kohler & Drury, 2011). In my further arguments, I would like to focus on understanding these factors in the UK market scenario so as to determine if we can attribute

Think Tanks in the United States Essay Example for Free

Think Tanks in the United States Essay A think tank (also known as a policy center) is a non-profit research institution that conducts studies on public policy (Columbia University Libraries, n. pag.). Aside from public policy analysis, a think tank also engages in developing solutions for national or commercial problems (Rohrer, n. pag.). Although there are some think tanks that are strictly nonpartisan (their research on public policy issues are not affected by political outcomes), think tanks are generally regarded as organizations that provide intellectual support to political parties and or politicians. Hence, a think tank is considered as an important part of the American political scene (Columbia University Libraries, n. pag.). However, think tanks affect American foreign policy and economic development abroad by coming up with ethnocentric and xenophobic perspectives. In some cases, American think tanks create unsustainable, violent and even genocidal policies, majority of which the US government imposes on Third World countries. Worse, the civilian nature of these organizations allows them to escape accountability for their detrimental ideas (Hayes, 3).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the article A Litany of Horrors: America’s University of Imperialism (2008), Chalmers Johnson wrote that the RAND Corporation, one of the oldest existing think tanks in the US, was â€Å"the premier think tank for the US’ role as hegemon of the Western world (Johnson, n. pag.). To support his argument, Johnson detailed the history of RAND’s active participation in US military intervention since it was founded after World War II. During the Cold War, RAND perpetuated the â€Å"arms race† between the US and the Soviet Union by urging the latter to create huge demands for weapons such as atomic bombs, nuclear submarines, intercontinental ballistic missiles and long-range bombers. In the 1960s and the 1970s, RAND’s anti-Marxist rhetoric heavily influenced the US to get involved in the Vietnam War and to establish puppet governments in Third World countries that included the Philippines, Thailand, Chile and Taiwan (Johnson, n. pag.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   RAND was also heavily involved in the Iraq War in 2002. During 9/11, former Defense Secretary Frank Carlucci was the co-chair of the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy Advisory Board and was also a member of the RAND Board of Trustees. However, he was likewise the chairman of the Carlyle Group, a defense contractor with strong connections to the Saudi Royal Family and the Bin Laden clan. Other key players in the Iraq War that held important positions in the RAND Corporation were Paul Wolfowitz, Condoleeza Rice and Donald Rumsfeld (Here in Reality, n. pag.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aside from the RAND Corporation, other American think tanks that were also occupied with the promotion of American foreign policy and economic development abroad were the National Institute for Public Policy (NIPP) and the Project for a New American Century (PNAC). Akin to RAND, the administration of the NIPP and the PNAC are both composed of unilateralist ideologues, most of which are former executives, consultants or major shareholders of the country’s biggest defense contractors. Some of the individuals who were connected to these think tanks went on to become government officials. Hence, it should no longer come as a surprise if US military intervention has increased in the previous decades (Ciarrocca Hartung, n. pag.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The NIPP has strong ties with the nuclear weapons industry. Most of the members of its advisory board were formerly connected with the arms and nuclear divisions of major defense contractors. Kathleen Bailey, for instance, worked as an analyst for the Lawrence Livermore nuclear weapons laboratory for six years. Robert Barker, meanwhile, worked for the weapons laboratory of Lawrence Livermore for 30 years. Charles Kupperman was Lockheed Martin’s vice president for its national missile defense programs (Ciarrocca Hartung, n. pag.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The leadership of the PNAC is made up of William Kristol (editor of the Weekly Standard), Robert Kagan (senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, contributing editor at the Weekly Standard and columnist for the Washington Post) and Bruce Jackson (a longtime Lockheed Martin executive). Founded in 1997, PNAC’s principles were based on â€Å"the Reagan administration’s success (in ending the Cold War)† and called for the revival of â€Å"a military that is strong and ready to meet both present and future challenges† (Ciarrocca Hartung, n. pag.). It must be noted that the founding document of PNAC was signed by major players in the Bush national security team, such as Paul Wolfowitz, Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld. Furthermore, PNAC’s deputy director Thomas Donnelly was hired by Lockheed Martin in 2003 (Ciarrocca Hartung, n. pag.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given the background of RAND, PNAC and NIPP, it is very clear that there is a conflict between the objectives of think tanks and American foreign policy (which focused mainly on promoting American values abroad). Most of the think tanks that are affiliated with the US government are also connected with companies that benefit financially from war. It is therefore just a matter of common logic to assume that think tanks like RAND, PNAC and NIPP will advise the US government to wage war on other countries (no matter how flimsy the justification is) simply because the defense contractors that they are connected with will earn immensely from doing so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, there are some US politicians who are likewise affiliated with organizations that profit from war. Former President George Bush, Sr., for instance, is a former Senior Advisor in the Carlyle Group. Former Secretary of State and Secretary of Treasury James Baker, meanwhile, was former Carlyle Senior Counselor. Carlyle Managing Director Richard Darman also happens to be the White House Budget Advisor (Here in Reality, n. pag.). It is very obvious that their affiliation to Carlyle makes them view war as an avenue for profit, and not as an atrocity that claims countless innocent lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While think tanks are excellent sources of information and ideas, conflict of interest arises when these institutions affect government policy. Think tanks doing business and making money while advising the US government at the same time should be considered as a grave cause of concern. Indeed, what will think tanks do when private business clash with public policy? What will be their stand when the very same government official that they supported is criticized for applying the ideas that they have formulated? Works Cited Ciarrocca, Michelle and Hartung, William. â€Å"The Military-Industrial-Think Tank Complex:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Corporate Think Tanks and the Doctrine of Aggressive Militarism.† January-February The Business of War. 9 June 2008 http://www.multinationalmonitor.org/mm2003/03jan-feb/jan-feb03corp2.html. Hayes, Peter. â€Å"The Role of Think Tanks in Defining Security Issues and Agendas.† Nautilus Institute. 21 October 2004. 8 June 2008 www.nautilus.org/collaborative/essay/2004/1021_Hayes.pdf.   Johnson, Chalmers. â€Å"A Litany of Horrors: America’s University of Imperialism.† 29 April TomDispatch.com. 8 June 2008 http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/174925/chalmers_johnson_teaching_imperialism_101. â€Å"Meet the Carlyle Group.† n.d. Here in Reality. 09 June 2008 http://www.hereinreality.com/carlyle.html. Rohrer, Finlo. â€Å"Just What Is A Think Tank?† 15 January 2008. BBC News. 08 June 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7189094.stm. â€Å"The People We Pay to Think.† n.d. Here in Reality. 09 June 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.hereinreality.com/news/rand.html. â€Å"Think Tanks Policy Centers.† n.d. Columbia University Libraries – Lehman Social Sciences Library. 08 June 2008 http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/lehman/guides/ttanks.html.

Arizona SnowBowl Essay -- Snow Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Arizona SnowBowl â€Å"A typical Ski season at the Arizona Snow-Bowl last from December to Easter† (Arizona SnowBowl Upgrade proposed Action, September 2002, p.2). The Arizona Snow-Bowl, which is located in the San Francisco Peaks, seven miles outside of Flagstaff, Arizona was only open four days last year! Alarming? Yes, this is why the Arizona Snow bowl has released a full proof plan, which consists of making their own snow! Thanks to Wayne Pierce, the inventor of the snowmaking machine, Arizona Snowbowl has offered a proposal to remodel their ski resort. which includes the installation of Snow-making machines. The remodeling also includes the building of one new chair lift, the addition of new ski runs, maintenance work on three existing chair lifts, lighting for night time skiing, the creation of a half pipe, the addition of a snow play area for families, the improvement of service facilities/infrastructure, and a cultural center for native Americans. If it were not for Wayne Pierce and his great invention, the Arizona SnowBowl would not even be able to consider these improvements. The improvements would not be plausible without a consistent ski season, which a snow machine can deliver. With all the advantages that a snow machine could bring to Northern Arizona, there are some people who do not want to see the Arizona SnowBowl join the ninety-one percent of ski areas who make their own snow on National Forest land (Murray, p.3). These people have raised great controversy in Northern Arizona because they would like to see the mountain stay as pristine as possible. The only problem with their point of view is that there are more advantages than disadvantages to installing snow machines. The biggest advantage ... ...None of the renovations being made will take place outside of the Arizona SnowBowl boundaries. Also, the Arizona SnowBowl boundaries only take up â€Å"†¦.4 of one percent of the total acreage of the Peaks† (Frederick, p. 2). The only things the renovations will do are improve the ski area itself. The Arizona SnowBowl is one of the few ski resorts in the west that does not make artificial snow. If the Arizona SnowBowl were to make their own snow the positives would far exceed the negatives. The positives that would occur would be an economic increase to the Flagstaff area. Also, the customer satisfaction at the ski resort would go up significantly. The Arizona SnowBowl would not expand its boundaries, thus the peaks would not be negatively impacted. If snow could be made on the mountain Flagstaff would become a resort town and attract a wider range of snow users.

The Wholley Innocent Analysis Essay

Bruce Dawe one time said that. â€Å"we write out of a demand to come to footings with some concern. or something â€Å"bugging† us. † From this statement. it is blazing that he expresses his emotions and ethical motives through his poesy in effort to portion his positions and concerns on modern-day issues of the universe with the universe. act uponing readers to reconsider their values. The cosmopolitan entreaty of Bruce Dawes poems prevarication in the poet’s passion in talking for those who have no agencies of talking. In â€Å"The Wholley Innocent† . which is written in the 1980’s. Dawe. challenges his readers through a willful finding to end the gestation of a healthy fetus. Through the usage of poetic techniques such as character. graphic imagination. calculated repeat. and onomatopoeia Dawe reaches the moral scruples of his readers to the inappropriateness of ending life prematurely. â€Å"The Wholley Innocent† . through its usage of p oetic signifiers. efficaciously paperss the catholicity sing an highly controversial issue that is abortion. The rubric â€Å"The Wholly Innocent† . accurately reflects the capable affair. as the verse form involves an aborted fetus who has done no incorrect in this universe. and is hence â€Å"wholly innocent† . Consecutive. this places the reader in believing that the unborn fetus. which has done no unfairness to the universe. should be given the opportunity to populate. The foetus’s artlessness is once more reinstated in the line â€Å"Defenceless as a lamb. † . as lambs symbolise pureness. This induces the reader to sympathize with the guiltless fetus and therefore. places the reader to comprehend abortion as immoral. This besides suggests that the guiltless mustn’t suffer because person else someplace. the grownup. is guilty. On the whole troubled inquiry of when life starts and what we should make about when it has started. Dawe recognises that there is one thing which most people will profess. the point that those who are waiting to be born are holy inexperienced persons. in the dual sense of the word ; of being entirely guiltless because they don’t have any say in what happens to them. Dawe uses this to bring forth cosmopolitan entreaty as no 1 sympathises with the guilty but will nevertheless sympathize with the inexperienced person and defenceless. Through the usage of the poetic technique of repeat. Dawe establishes that the unborn fetus has the right to see these basic constituents of nature that we normally take for granted. The repeat of â€Å"never† and â€Å"Nor† in the first two stanzas describes the fact that the fetus has missed out on legion facets of life due to being aborted. In these stanzas the usage of repeat expresses the eternal list of things that the fetus has lost as a consequence of ne'er holding encountered life. This manipulates the reader into believing that abortion is unethical as you are non supplying person with the chance to see life. Further underpinning the poem’s cosmopolitan entreaty is word pick where Dawe foregrounds the subject of holding the right to life. The lines â€Å"Oh you within whose god-like power† â€Å"It lies to so make up one's mind. † establishes the fact that the female parent of this fetus has no right to take away his/her life as she possesses small power in comparing to that of god’s. The word pick in the last stanza of the verse form is besides effectual as it leaves the reader with a sense of guilt. The lines â€Å"Remember me the following clip you† . â€Å"Rejoice at Sun or star –â€Å"and â€Å"I would hold loved to see them. excessively. † reveal that the fetus is merely human and would hold besides enjoyed the things that other people take pleasance in. The concluding line of the verse form besides leaves anyone who has even undergone abortion experiencing guilty. â€Å"I ne'er got that far. † reinstates the act of corruptio n that has been committed further backing the construct of mindless life loss. a cosmopolitan subject. Dawe uses graphic imagination to underscore the fact that abortion is extravagant and unfair. The perforating imagination of a uterus that could go a grave if abortion is carried out in â€Å"The Wholly Innocent† will faze any reader contemplating ending a gestation. The lines in stanza five â€Å"For I was portion of that doomed race† and â€Å"Whose death–cell was the uterus. † uncover the fact that the unborn fetus is ashamed to experience a portion of its race which evokes untold commiseration for his/her defenceless life that is trapped. The fetus besides highlights that all he/she wants is to see the simple things in life like to â€Å"rejoice at Sun or star. † Most readers would hold that this is a cosmopolitan right for all persons to see these basic constituents of nature. In the line. â€Å"I ne'er cognize the autonomous touch of attention. † this suggests that he/she ne'er experiences parental love which in bend evokes untold feeli ngs of commiseration and understanding in the reader. A simile is besides used in stanza three that he/she will decease â€Å"anonymous as mud† if nobody protects him. The fetus besides compares itself to a defenceless lamb with surely evokes feeling of understanding in the reader. . Overall. Bruce Dawes â€Å"The Wholly Innocent† . which is an highly powerful verse form. successfully establishes the fact that the female parent of this fetus has no right to take away his/her life. This verse form besides establishes that there is perfectly no justness in killing a life and that the female parent has no entitlement in making so. as she possesses small power. With the assistance of the poetic techniques of repeat. word pick. and imagination he arouses understanding. carefully pull stringsing the audience to reflect upon his ain positions towards abortion. In this manner. Dawe has created a verse form that is non merely unambiguously Australian but presents issues of planetary concern which generates cosmopolitan entreaty.

How does Shakespeare adapt the holinshed chronicles to create an entertaining piece of theatre? Essay

The Holinshed Chronicles, first published in 1577, contained factual accounts of the reign of Macbeth, and was used as the source material for Shakespeare’s play ‘Macbeth’. During this essay, how Shakespeare used, edited and manipulated this information will be analysed. There are several reasons why Macbeth was a good choice for Shakespeare to base a play on. Firstly, Banquo, a character in ‘Macbeth’, was related to the current King of England and Scotland, James I, so if Shakespeare portrayed Banquo as a good person, his play would gain instant popularity with the royal family. Another reason Shakespeare was drawn to Macbeth was because the factual story of Macbeth included the predictions of three strange women, or witches, and as people in the early 17th century took witchcraft very seriously, it added extra tension for the audience, and once again suited the interests of James I, who had a well known interest in witchcraft. It was typical for Shakespeare’s plays to derive from other people’s work, for example, ‘Macbeth’ was taken from the Holinshed Chronicles. Another example of this is the play ‘Romeo and Juliet’, which was taken from an Italian poem, and turned into a play by Shakespeare. When creating ‘Macbeth’, Shakespeare’s main aims were for his play to be popular with the Royal Family, and therefore popular with the general public, which meant that he would make a lot of money from the production. It was also important that the play wasn’t too long, and was easy to perform on stage. Shakespeare included three witches from the beginning of ‘Macbeth’ to incorporate Macbeth into the central role of the play straight away. According to Holinshed, there were not only witches, but also â€Å"certeine wizzards† who prophesied about Macbeth. Rather than include too many ‘supernatural’ characters and complicate the performances on stage, Shakespeare created Hecate, a very powerful witch to make up for lack of witches and wizards from the Holinshed Chronicles. From their first appearance, the witches are in full control of what happens around them, â€Å"When shall we three meet again?† And where and how they appear. This is crucial to the play, as it gets the interest of the audience from the very first scene, because at the time when the play was first produced, there was a very strong belief about witches and the supernatural. Shakespeare is very creative with the way he uses the witches to incorporate the audience into the play. The witches often equivocate when talking to Macbeth, misleading and confusing him, â€Å"The power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth.† This technique is also effective when used to create dramatic irony, for example when it is used at the beginning of the play, â€Å"All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter.† Shakespeare clearly highlighted the witches power throughout the play by using the various aforementioned techniques throughout the play. The witches language also helped for them to be taken seriously by the Shakespearean crowd, because they talked in iambic pentameter, and the people watching the play most probably wouldn’t speak like that, so it helped to give the witches an extra ‘edge’ in the performance. The inclusion of the witches in the play was of up most importance, and was most probably a factor in Shakespeare’s decision to use the story of Macbeth for his play. It must also be taken into account that the play wasn’t being performed with any effects, just a stage, so it was crucial that Shakespeare made the scenes possible to perform, (Shakespeare’s plays were never meant to be read) whilst still using some form of stagecraft. A good example of this is from the â€Å"witches dance† scene. This would have looked good on stage, but it was equally simple to perform, with no additional effects required. In ‘Macbeth’, Shakespeare portrays Duncan as a good ruler, who is well respected and liked. This conflicts with the Holinshed Chronicles, which suggest that Duncan was a terrible leader with little support or respect. Even though Shakespeare uses the Chronicles as the main source for his play, he mixes factual information with fiction, to make the play more appealing and exciting. Duncan first appears in the play in battle, and seems like a commanding character in control of his actions, but is later revealed to make errors in judgement, â€Å"He [the traitor] was a gentleman on whom I built an absolute trust.† His judgemental errors show again when he admires Macbeth’s castle, â€Å"This castle hath a pleasant seat† which will ultimately be the place of his murder. Despite this, Shakespeare again portrays him as a good king, as this is the main reason that Macbeth has doubts over his murder. One of the main reasons Shakespeare wanted to portray Duncan as a good king was to make the murder of him more dramatic. If he had portrayed Duncan as a bad monarch whom people disliked, his murder wouldn’t have been such a terrible act, and Macbeth would have faced little consequences. Instead, we are given an opportunity to see Macbeth rise to his zenith and quickly fall to his nadir shortly after in the play. Another reason for the murder of a ‘good’ Duncan was to grab the attention of an audience that were watching the play at a time when there was a great belief in the Divine Right of Kings. It is widely believed that Shakespeare changed Duncan’s character in a similar way to the other characters he portrayed differently than Holinshed – to cater to James I, the current King of England and Scotland. Throughout ‘Macbeth’, Banquo is seen as the opposite of Macbeth, where as in the Holinshed Chronicles, it’s written that Banquo was as eager as Macbeth, and willing to support him throughout his plots and kingship. We first see Banquo at the beginning of the play, with Macbeth when they meet the witches, who tell the prophecies about Macbeth. Whilst Macbeth is thinking about the prophecies and plotting his next move, Banquo shows doubts, â€Å"Are ye fantastical, or that indeed which outwardly ye show?† This highlights the contrast between Macbeth and Banquo from the beginning of the play. As the play advances, we see the relationship between the two put under great strain, as Banquo is the only person who knows about Macbeth’s plots and murder of the king, â€Å"I fear thou played’st most foully for’t.† Despite this, Banquo still pledges his loyalty to the new king, but is however murdered anyway due to the paranoia of Macbeth, and the seriousness in which Macbeth takes the witches predictions of Banquo’s children becoming king. There were several reasons why Shakespeare would have wanted to do this to Banquo’s character in ‘Macbeth’. Firstly, it highlighted the contrast between Macbeth, and his once close friend. It also highlighted Macbeth’s paranoia over the predictions of the witches, so much so that he was driven to murder his close friend to keep his throne. It is also another adaptation of Shakespeare’s that emphasises how he tried to adapt the play to suit the current king of England and Scotland, James I. At the time of writing it was believed that the king was a descendent of Banquo, so Shakespeare would have wanted to portray him as a good character, therefore gaining the approval of the Royal Family and making the play instantly popular. Macduff, a crucial character in the plot of ‘Macbeth’, is only first seen in the middle of Act 2, and plays a rather scarce role in the play. However, this does not reduce the significance that he has on the plot of the play. Macduff is suspicious of Macbeth as soon as he takes the throne, and suspects that he killed Duncan. Macduff’s suspicions of Macbeth are key to the plot, as it is he who flees to England to build an army capable of challenging Macbeth when he hears that his family have been murdered by Macbeth, â€Å"Within my sword’s length set him. If he scape, heaven forgive him too.† This is another example of a character being the friend of Macbeth at the start of the play, and turning against him as the play progresses. â€Å"Bring thou this fiend of Scotland and myself†. In productions of ‘Macbeth’, Macduff’s main scene’s, such as his campaign in England and final battle with Macbeth, are hard to produce on stage. This has resulted in many productions cutting his scene in England, and Shakespeare changing the location of Macbeth’s final battle. According to Holinshed, when Macbeth finds out about Macduff being born by Caesarean section, â€Å"Macduff was from his mother’s womb untimely ripped.† he flees, and is pursued by Macduff. However, in the play, Macbeth and Macduff fight at Dunsinane and Macbeth is ultimately slain. This is an example of how stagecraft was a major hurdle in Shakespeare’s productions, and how they were written. Shakespeare based Lady Macbeth on a person from Holinshed, Queen Gruoch of Scotland, however, he strongly exaggerates and changes the character to suit her role in the play. Lady Macbeth plays a key role in the plot of the play from the first time we see her, at the end of Act 1. Without Lady Macbeth, it is very probable that the play’s plot wouldn’t be able to exist, as it is Lady Macbeth who fuels Macbeth’s ambitions throughout the play. She is constantly twisting the thoughts of Macbeth and propelling him to do the awful things that he does throughout. In Lady Macbeth’s first appearance, when she hears of the witches predictions she calls on evil spirits to assist her in her plans for Duncan’s murder, â€Å"Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe topfull of direst cruelty.† As the play progresses, we see Lady Macbeth overpower the will and thoughts of Macbeth, for example, when she proposes the murder of Duncan, Macbeth goes back on his word, saying that he wants nothing to do with the murder. At the end of that same scene, however, Lady Macbeth has managed to manipulate his thoughts, and get him to go through with the murder, â€Å"I have given suck and know how tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this.† Even though it’s Lady Macbeth who is in control of events in the play, she too suffers great anxiety after all the terrible things she does. By the end of Act 3, there are signs of her conscious taking over her, with her taking no part in the murder of Macduff’s family, a major plot in Act 4, an act in which she doesn’t feature at all. By the beginning of Act 5, Lady Macbeth starts to sleepwalk, and give away everything that her and Macbeth have plotted and done, â€Å"The Thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now? What, will these hands ne’er be clean?† This adds dramatic effect to the end of a scene to keep the audience interested in the play, and offers a different perspective on a strong looking character. Macbeth is the main character of the play, and is probably the most interesting character to analyse. We first see Macbeth in the first half of Act 1, where he is a military hero, with no real ambition but to do the best he can for his country. Throughout ‘Macbeth’, we see him manipulated by his wife and murder his way to kingship, sometimes against his will, but other times, such as when Macduff’s family are murdered, there is no mention of outside influence. Although it seems like it is Lady Macbeth who is in command of what happens to potential threats and Macbeth, she never actually commits any of the murders herself. This could suggest that she knew what consequences could come from the beginning, and wanted it to be on Macbeth’s shoulders, not hers, however, she also suffers from mental illness due to the murders later on in the play. During his transition from hero to hated villain, we see how much Macbeth is plagued by his conscience and the knowledge that what he is doing is wrong, â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business, he hath honoured me of late.† There are two factors that prevent his conscience from taking command however, the witches and Lady Macbeth, both of whom he can’t ignore. As the play progresses, Macbeth struggles to trust anyone, even his wife, who he earlier said was his â€Å"dearest partner of greatness†. This leads to the murder of a lot of people that Macbeth doesn’t trust, including Banquo, who was his good friend, and ally for a short period of time. Although he is easily manipulated, he can also manipulate other people, depending on who he’s around, for example, when talking to royalty, or important people, Macbeth could talk in verse, or iambic pentameter. He also had the ability to talk well to â€Å"low-status characters†, such as the Porter or the Murderers, speaking in prose. We also see a different side to Macbeth during his soliloquies, as we see what he is thinking at crucial parts of the play. For example, in Act 5, Scene 5, when he performs his famous â€Å"Tomorrow† soliloquy, we see an insight into his emotions and feelings about how he feels he has lost his friends and family. Shakespeare’s use of the soliloquies of Macbeth throughout the play creates a unique opportunity for the audience to see a glimpse of what Macbeth is thinking and feeling, creating a better audience response throughout, and maybe giving the audience a chance to feel sorry for Macbeth, before he dies honourably in battle. There are many different techniques that are used throughout the play, and a lot of language in different styles and formats. It is crucial to remember that Shakespeare’s plays were written in the 16th Century for the 16th Century, not for us to read in a book 400 years later. Shakespeare uses lots of imagery in his plays, which was crucial for an audience of that time, as the play was only performed on stage with no special effects, (apart from the occasional trap door†¦) so the use of imagery in the play allowed the audience to get a better picture on what was happening in the play. Shakespeare’s ability to use both iambic pentameter and prose makes ‘Macbeth’ stand out, because you are given a chance to see the intelligence of characters such as Macbeth, who use both iambic pentameter, â€Å"To know my deed, ’twere best not know my self† and prose, â€Å"I did so, and went further, which is now the point of second meeting.† The language that Shakespeare chooses to use is also crucial to understanding the relationships between characters, such as Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In the early scenes, the two use iambic pentameter when talking to eachother, which shows a trust and understanding between them. However, in the later scenes, this trust is broken, and the language used in the scenes containing these characters reflects that as their consciences start to eat away at them, â€Å"Out, damned spot! Out, I say! One, two. Why then ’tis time to do’t?† Stagecraft was of up most importance when the play was performed in the 16th century (and now) as the play was never meant to be read, just performed. With limited equipment/effects, it was difficult to produce a play that was easy to perform on stage, however, Shakespeare wrote his plays in such a way that they grabbed the attention of the audience whilst being simple to perform at the same time. A particularly good example of stagecraft is the witches’ dance from the beginning of Act 4, â€Å"Double, double told and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble.† This is particularly effective, as it can be performed easily on stage, but it also grabs the attention of the audience to keep them interested. Also, because it doesn’t require any spectacular effects, it could be performed fairly easily in 16th century Britain. Because the play is limited to a number of acts/scenes, it was necessary for Shakespeare to either miss out sections mentioned in Holinshed entirely or edit them to make them more performable. A good example of this is the final battle between Macbeth and Macduff. According to the Holinshed Chronicles, Macbeth tried to flee from his castle, but got caught by Macduff and killed. In ‘Macbeth’, the whole scene takes place at the castle. This allows the scene to be performed whole on stage, so there is no loss of tension between scenes, and it makes it easier and cheaper to perform, because less sets are required and it isn’t as broken up. In reality, Macbeth’s reign over Scotland lasted 17 years before he was killed, however, this would have been inappropriate for a play of this length, so Shakespeare had to narrow his reign down to only a few months. This helped the performance, because it made it much more dramatic, creating a better audience response. Settings of the play also had to be narrowed down, due to time, cost and convenience on stage. For example, in reality, there was lots more English involvement, and Shakespeare only covers a very small scene in England. This is because the play is explained well enough without the English scene, so it was un-necessary to add more scenes which weren’t needed. After having the chance to study the play from both the book and movie, it’s clearer what limitations Shakespeare had. For example, in a film, special effects can be added, and more scenes made available in the production. On stage however, there are more limitations, for example, when Birnam Wood ‘moves’ towards Dunsinane Castle, effects can be added in a film, but on stage you are limited to basic props and no additional technology. This changes how the audience interprets the story, because you get a better idea of how it was from a movie, with more advanced editing, compared to watching it how it was probably performed originally on stage, In conclusion, there are various ways in which the Holinshed Chronicles are adapted to make an entertaining piece of theatre, but in my opinion there are a few key points. Firstly, I think that ‘Macbeth’ has been so entertaining and successful, because there was already an interesting plot and opportunity to impress the current king. Secondly, Shakespeare’s use of iambic pentameter and prose makes the language of the play very interesting and it is clever how the information in Holinshed is twisted, manipulated and made more dramatic to create a very entertaining piece of theatre.

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The Medieval Period essays The medieval period encompasses a long span of years when castles, churches and many other great buildings were built. The way the people of the time built tells us a lot about the lifestyle of the people, particularly the wealthy and each country reflects their own style of architecture. The Roman Empire had crumbled and Christianity was rising in strength. The world was in unrest and the architecture of the time reflects that. Furnishings had to be easy to move from place to place. Main rooms were relocated to the first floor, while the ground floor was used for storage or to keep the animals. There were not a lot of windows and the ones that were there were small. Sometimes they were decorated with stained glass that could be removed for safekeeping. During this time brick was used as a principle construction material and they also dressed their buildings in costly marbles. There was still a central hall that had numerous uses. Again the furniture was often being moved to accommodate these different purposes. A hammer beam roof was needed to span the huge space. Some places had stone vaulting that might be painted a deep blue with stars. This room had a large fireplace that might be decorated with carvings. It also had a tall hood on brackets. The walls were whitewashed over plaster that was applied to stonework. They also might have painted wooden wainscoting on the walls. Most of the wood was painted at this time. On the upper part of the wall you might have seen a frieze of figures or other decorations. The lower areas were kept for cloth hangings and the wealthy used tapestry. They even used them for bed covers and bed hangings. The floors were flagged with stone. They used wood on the upper floors. Green, bla ck, brown and yellow coloured ceramic tiles were also used for decoration. The lighting was rush lights and tallow candles. Fortification lessened when peace settled in (15t ...

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